Water pipe Tobacco Smoking and Cigarette Smoking: Comparative Analysis of the Smoking Effects On Antioxidant Status, Lipid Profile and Cardiopulmonary Quality in Sedentary Smokers Tunisian

Purpose: Hazard of smoking tobacco is believed to be minimized by smoking hubble-bubble (HB) instead of cigarettes. Our aims were to evaluate and compare the effect of smoking on antioxidant status, lipid profile and cardiopulmonary quality in cigarette and HB smokers. Methods: 68 male sedentary smokers and nonsmokers having a good health participated in this study. We consider cigarette smokers; all subjects who consumed greater than or equal to 10 pack-years (PA). In fact, hookah smoker subjects, those having consumption greater than or equal to 5-year Hookah (YH). The subjects were divided into three equal groups. Cigarette smokers group, n = 23 (CS), a hookah smokers group, n = 22 (HS) and another non-smokers group, n = 23 (NS). The subjects were invited to undergo spirometry and exercise testing on speedwalk. Blood samples were collected at fasting for lipid profile determination and antioxidant status. Results: for all values explored of spirometry, the statistical analysis showed no difference between the two smoke methods. Our biochemical analysis showed no significant difference in plasma TG, HDL-C and reports HDL-C/TG and TC / HDL-C between CS and HS groups. The HDL-C plasma concentration of NS group was significantly higher than both CS and HS groups. Values are respectively 1.12 ± 0.12 (mmol.l-1) 0.99 ± 0.04 (mmol.l-1) and 0.97 ± 0.05 (mmol.l-1). The MDA concentrations and α-tocopherol are almost similar in subjects of both smoke methods (CS and HS). The MDA average concentration was 1.387 ± 0.095 (μmol.l-1) in CS, 1.363 ± 0111 (μmol.l-1) in HS and 1.154 ± 0.17 (μmol.l-1) in NS. For CS, SOD is significantly higher than HS and NS groups (1651.3 ± 87.2 (U /gHg) Vs 1545.1 ± 105.9 (U /ghg) Vs 1432.1 ± 171.2 (U /gHg) respectively). No difference between these two smoke methods concerning GR. HS and CS have a similar SBP and resting HR and significantly higher than those of non-smokers group (p <0.001). For HS group, concerning VO2max, the MAS and CI, statistical analysis showed a significant difference compared to CS subjects (p <0.01, p <0.001 and p <0.001 respectively). Conclusions: This study reinforces the evidence that the hookah use is associated with exposure to toxic substances and produces the same effects as cigarettes. Given the harmful nature of hookah smoke, impact on human health may be similar or even worse than cigarette smoking, it is recommended that men who have a habit of hookah smoking as an alternative to cigarette smoking tobacco should be informed about the potential adverse effects of their habit on cardiorespiratory quality and metabolic levels to stop it.